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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(3): 749-757, jun. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514300

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The study purposed to examine the morphometry and morphology of crista galli in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and apply a new analysis, supervised Machine Learning techniques to find the answers to research questions "Can sex be determined with crista galli morphometric measurements?" or "How effective are the crista galli morphometric measurements in determining sex?". Crista galli dimensions including anteroposterior, superoinferior, and laterolateral were measured and carried out on 200 healthy adult subjects (98 females; 102 males) aged between 18-79 years. Also, crista galli was classified with two methods called morphological types and Keros classification. In this study, the Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and Oneway ANOVA were performed. Additionally, Machine Learning techniques were applied. The means of the CGH, CGW, and CGL were found as 14.96 mm; 3.96 mm, and 12.76 mm in males, respectively. The same values were as 13.54 mm; 3.51 mm and 11.59±1.61 mm in females, respectively. The CG morphometric measurements of males were higher than those of females. There was a significant difference between sexes in terms of morphological classification type. Also, when the sex assignment of JRip was analyzed, out of 102 male instances 62 of them were correctly predicted, and for 98 female instances, 70 of them were correctly predicted according to their CG measurements. The JRip found the following classification rule for the given dataset: "if CGH<=14.4 then sex is female, otherwise sex is male". The accuracy of this rule is not high, but it gives an idea about the relationship between CG measurements and sex. Although the issue that CG morphometric measurements can be used in sex determination is still controversial, it was concluded in the analysis that CG morphometric measurements can be used in sex determination. Also, Machine Learning Techniques give an idea about the relationship between CG measurements and sex.


En el estudio se propuso examinar la morfometría y la morfología de la crista galli del hueso etmoides usando tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) y aplicar un nuevo análisis, técnicas de aprendizaje automático supervisado para encontrar las respuestas a las preguntas de investigación "¿Se puede determinar el sexo con mediciones morfométricas de la crista galli?" o "¿Qué tan efectivas son las medidas morfométricas de la crista galli para determinar el sexo?". Las dimensiones de la crista galli, incluidas los diámetros anteroposterior, superoinferior y laterolateral, se midieron y realizaron en 200 sujetos adultos sanos (98 mujeres; 102 hombres) con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 79 años. La crista galli se clasificó con dos métodos llamados tipos morfológicos y clasificación de Keros. En este estudio, se realizaron la prueba de Chicuadrado, la prueba t de Student y ANOVA de una vía. Adicionalmente, se aplicaron técnicas de Machine Learning. Las medias de CGH, CGW y CGL se encontraron en 14,96 mm; 3,96 mm y 12,76 mm en hombres, respectivamente. Los mismos valores fueron 13,54 mm; 3,51 mm y 11,59 ± 1,61 mm en mujeres, respectivamente. Las medidas morfométricas del CG de los hombress fueron más altas que las de las mujeres. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre sexos en cuanto al tipo de clasificación morfológica. Además, cuando se analizó la asignación de sexo de JRip, de 102 instancias masculinas, 62 de ellas se predijeron correctamente, y de 98 instancias femeninas, 70 de ellas se predijeron correctamente de acuerdo con las mediciones de CG. El JRip encontró la siguiente regla de clasificación para el conjunto de datos dado: "si CGH<=14.4, por tanto el sexo es femenino, de lo contrario, el sexo es masculino". La precisión de esta regla no es alta, pero da una idea de la relación entre las medidas del CG y el sexo. Aunque la pregunta si las medidas morfométricas CG se pueden usar en la determinación del sexo sigue aún siendo controvertida. Se concluyó en el análisis que las medidas morfométricas CG se pueden usar en la determinación del sexo. Además, las técnicas de aprendizaje automático dan una idea de la relación entre las medidas de CG y el sexo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Sphenoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Ethmoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Sex Determination by Skeleton , Frontal Bone/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Ethmoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Machine Learning , Frontal Bone/anatomy & histology
2.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 85(5): 551-559, Sept.-Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039282

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Radiologic evaluation is mandatory to assess the type of endoscopic approach concerning sinonasal pathology and reconstruction of fractured defects before any treatment modalities are instituted related to medial wall of the orbit. Objective: The goal was to provide improved understanding of the lamina papyracea variations and the relationship with the orbital morphometry. Methods: This retrospective study was performed using computed tomography scans of 200 orbits and results were compared with respect to age, sex, laterality and LP variations. Results: Lamina papyracea variations were categorized as type A, 80.5% (161/200); type B, 16% (32/200); type C, 3.5% (7/200). For medial wall the anterior and posterior lamina papyracea heights and angles were found as 17.14 mm, 147.88º and 9.6 mm, 152.72º, respectively. Also, the length of the lamina papyracea, the mean area of the orbital floor, medial wall, lamina papyracea and orbital entrance were 33.3 mm, 7.2 cm2, 6.89 cm2, 4.51 cm2 and 12.46 cm2 respectively. The orbital height and width were measured as 35.9 mm and 39.2 mm respectively. The mean orbital cavity depth was 46.3 mm from optic foramen to the orbital entrance and the orbital volume was 19.29 cm3. We analyzed the morphometric measurements tending to increase with aging and greater in men and the relationship of them with lamina papyracea types. Conclusion: Precise knowledge of the lamina papyracea anatomy using computed tomography is essential for safer and more effective surgery and preforming the dimensions of an implant. In this way, the postoperative complications can be decreased and the best outcome can be provided.


Resumo Introdução: A avaliação radiológica é mandatória para avaliar o tipo de abordagem endoscópica no tratamento cirúrgico de doença nasossinusal e na reconstrução de fraturas antes de quaisquer modalidades de tratamento relacionadas à parede medial orbital. Objetivo: O objetivo foi proporcionar uma melhor compreensão das variações da lâmina papirácea e a relação com a morfometria orbital. Método: Este estudo retrospectivo foi realizado por meio de tomografia computadorizada de 200 órbitas, e os resultados foram comparados em relação à idade, sexo, lateralidade e variações da lâmina pairácea. Resultados: As variações da lâmina papirácea foram categorizadas como tipo A, 80,5% (161/200); tipo B, 16% (32/200); tipo C, 3,5% (7/200). Para a parede medial, as medidas das alturas anteriores e posteriores da lâmina papirácea e ângulos foram de 17,14 mm, 147,88º e 9,6 mm, 152,72º, respectivamente. Além disso, as medidas do seu comprimento da, da área média do assoalho orbital, e da parede medial, lâmina papyracea e entrada orbital foram: 33,3 mm, 7,2 cm2, 6,89 cm2, 4,51 cm2 e 12,46 cm2, respectivamente. As medidas da altura e da largura orbitais foram 35,9 mm e 39,2 mm, respectivamente. A profundidade média da cavidade orbital foi de 46,3 mm, do forame óptico até a entrada orbital, e o volume orbital foi de 19,29 cm3. Analisamos as medidas morfométricas com tendência a aumentar com o envelhecimento e nos indivíduos do sexo masculino, e a relação das mesmas com os tipos de lâmina. Conclusões: O conhecimento preciso da anatomia da lâmina papirácea por meio de tomografia computadorizada é essencial para uma cirurgia mais segura e eficaz, além de permitir pré-moldar as dimensões do implante. Assim, as complicações pós-operatórias podem ser minimizadas, obtendo-se melhores resultados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Orbit/anatomy & histology , Orbit/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Endoscopy/methods , Orbit/injuries , Paranasal Sinuses/surgery , Paranasal Sinuses/injuries , Paranasal Sinuses/diagnostic imaging , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Retrospective Studies , Ethmoid Bone/injuries , Ethmoid Bone/diagnostic imaging
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(2): 735-738, June 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002286

ABSTRACT

The pneumatization area in the crista galli region of the ethmoid bone can be called Sinus Crista Galli (SCG). The authors would like to recommend the terminology as sinus crista galli for pneumatized crista galli. Our aims in this study are to determine SCG on three dimensional Computerized Tomography (CT) images, to investigate its frequency, dimension and to emphasize their clinical significance in children and adults. A total of 360 adult images (160 female, 200 male) and 68(43 female, 25 male) pediatric images were examined. The presence SCG was recorded with axial and coronal paranasal sinus CT images. The height, width, anterposterior diameter of the sinus was measured. All the data we obtained from this study were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program. Descriptive statistics are shown as mean ± Sdt. Sinus crista galli was found in 17 examined images of the 360 (4.72 %) in adult group. Chronic pansinusitis was detected in 7 of 17 cases. Frontal sinusitis findings were detected in 7 cases. Sinusitis was not observed in 3 cases. The incidence of SCG was found in 4 pediatric images out of 68 (5.88 %). In 1 out of 4 cases, infection was detected in SCG. We did not observe SCG in the pediatric group with 0-7 years of age. Sinus crista galli was found at low rates in adult and pediatric age group. However; relationship was found between these variation and chronic rhinosinusitis. Additionally, detection of SCG in paranasal sinus CT can be provided better results and reduce complications in anterior cranial fossa surgery.


El área de neumatización en la crista galli del etmoides se puede denominar sinus crista galli (SCG). Los autores recomiendan incluir en la terminología anatómica el término sinus crista galli para la crista galli neumatizada. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar la SCG en imágenes tridimensionales de tomografía computarizada (TC), investigar su frecuencia, dimensión y enfatizar su importancia clínica en niños y adultos. Se examinaron un total de 360 imágenes de adultos (160 mujeres, 200 hombres) y 68 (43 mujeres, 25 hombres) en imágenes pediátricas. La presencia de SCG se registró con imágenes de tomografía axial y axial del seno paranasal. Se midió la altura, anchura y diámetro anteroposterior del seno del proceso crista galli. Todos los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante el programa SPSS 18.0. Las estadísticas descriptivas se muestran como media ± DS. El seno crista galli se encontró en 17/360 (4,72 %) de las imágenes examinadas en el grupo de adultos. Se detectó pansinusitis crónica en 7 de 17 casos. Se detectaron hallazgos de sinusitis frontal en 7 casos. Sinusitis no se observó en 3 casos. La incidencia de SCG se encontró en 4 imágenes pediátricas de 68 (5,88 %). En 1 de cada 4 casos, se detectó infección en SCG. No observamos SCG en el grupo pediátrico con 0-7 años de edad. El seno crista galli se encontró en bajas tasas en adultos y en niños. Sin embargo, se encontró relación entre estas variaciones y la rinosinusitis crónica. Además, la detección de SCG en la tomografía computarizada del seno paranasal puede proporcionar mejores resultados y reducir las complicaciones en la cirugía de la fosa craneal anterior.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Ethmoid Bone/abnormalities , Ethmoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Frontal Sinus/abnormalities , Frontal Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Paranasal Sinuses/abnormalities , Paranasal Sinuses/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
4.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 74(2): 123-133, 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-726162

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El etmoides, en los últimos 20 años adquirió relevancia para anatomistas, clínicos, neurocirujanos y otorrinolaringólogos, por el desarrollo de técnicas quirúrgicas endoscópicas y múltiples variantes anatómicas que presenta. Objetivo: Este trabajo fue elaborado con el objetivo de establecer en nuestra muestra la profundidad del techo etmoidal predominante por sexo en población estudiada; frecuencia con la que se presenta simetría en el techo etmoidal; frecuencia con la que se encuentran celdas supraorbitarias en población estudiada; por último, se pretende establecer percentiles por sexo de dimensiones del etmoides en población adulta. Material y método: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transverso en el que se realizó revisión retrospectiva, consecutiva de tomografías de senos paranasales en cortes axiales, coronales y sagitales de pacientes mayores de 20 años, del Departamento de Radiología de los Hospitales, de Clínicas, del IPS, del Regional de Luque, Clínica Iribas y del Instituto Radiológico Calvo, Asunción, Paraguay. Resultados: Se encontró que la profundidad del techo etmoidal fue de Keros II en ambos sexos y ambas fosas nasales; se encontró simetría en el 60%; celdas supraorbitarias se encontraron en el 27,5% de casos. Conclusiones: Mediciones realizadas por tomografía computarizada en etmoides de pacientes que participaron del estudio, no difieren de las mediciones realizadas por otros autores. Estos resultados contribuyen a mejorar conocimientos de variantes anatómicas propias de nuestra población para difundirlos, ponerlos en práctica y mejorar la experiencia en el manejo integral de pacientes con patologías médico-quirúrgicas de senos paranasales.


Introduction: The ethmoid is a structure that has become relevant for anatomists, clinicians, neurosurgeons and otolaryngologists due the great development of endoscopic surgical techniques and multiple anatomic variants. Aim: This work was developed with the goal of establishing in our sample studied, depth of ethmoid roof, predominant by gender; frequency with which symmetry in ethmoid roof is presented, and frequency with which supraorbital cells is in sample studied. Finally, the study is aimed to establish percentages by gender, the dimensions of the ethmoid on adult population. Material and methods: The cross-sectional, descriptive observational study in which retrospective review was performed consecutively, tomographic studies of the paranasal sinuses in axial, coronal and sagittal on patients over 20 years old at the Radiology Department of the Hospitals, Clinics, IPS, Regional in Luque, Iribas Clinical Institute, and Calvo Radiological Institute. Results: The studies performed revealed that the depth of the ethmoid roof was Keros II in both genders and both nostrils, the symmetry was found in 60%, the supraorbital cells were found in 27.5% of both cases. Conclusions: Measurements by computed tomography in ethmoid bone of patients who participated in this study do not differ from the measurements performed by other authors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ethmoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Ethmoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Paraguay , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Biometry , Age and Sex Distribution
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